Botanica Pacifica

Research paper

Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation 2022
Article first published online: 03 MAY 2022 | DOI: 10.17581/bp.2022.11111 | EDN: HGIMRT

Unique arrangement and temporal separation of essential organs promotes cross pollination in Impatiens edgeworthii Hook. f.: an endemic species of Western Himalaya

Chesfeeda Akhter 1 ORCID, Zafar A. Reshi 2 ORCID, Aijaz Hassan Ganie 3 ORCID, Ghulam Hassan Dar 4 ORCID & Anzar Ahmad Khuroo 5 ORCID

1 Department of Botany, Govt. College for Women, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2 Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
3 Department of Botany, Kargil campus, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
4 Mahatma Gandhi Chair on Ecology & Environment, Centre for Biodiversity Studies, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Jammu and Kashmir, India
5 Centre for Biodiversity and Taxonomy, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Impatiens edgeworthii is an important plant species endemic to Western Himalaya. In this species male reproductive organs conceal the stigma – seat of pollen reception during male phase therefore acts as barrier for self-pollination. In addition the stigma become receptive only after the androecium of the same flower is shed and then receptive stigma become exposed. This unique type of dichogamy and arrangement of essential organs are contrivance for cross-pollination in the species. The large showy flowers, production of large quantities of nectar, protandry, presence of nectar guides, ornamented exine sculpturing, high pollen to ovule ratio points towards cross-pollinated mode of reproduction is operative in this species. This was also established by breeding experiments. Our study may prove useful in conservation of this Himalayan endemic plant species and also useful in understanding the evolution of breeding system in the genus.

Ахтер Ч., Реши З.А., Гани А.Х., Дар Г.Х., Хуру А.А. Уникальное расположение и временное разделение основных органов способствует перекрестному опылению у Impatiens edgeworthii Hook. f. – эндемичного вида Западных Гималаев. Impatiens edgeworthii – важный вид растений, эндемичный для Западных Гималаев. У этого вида мужские репродуктивные органы скрывают стигму – место приема пыльцы во время мужской фазы, поэтому она служит барьером для самоопыления. Кроме того, рыльце становится восприимчивым только после того, как андроцей того же цветка осыпается, и тогда восприимчивое рыльце становится открытым. Этот уникальный тип дихогамии и расположение основных органов являются приспособлением для перекрестного опыления у данного вида. Крупные эффектные цветки, производство большого количества нектара, протандрия, наличие нектаропроводов, орнаментированная скульптура экзины, высокое соотношение пыльцы и яйцеклеток указывают на то, что у вида действует перекрестное опыление. Это также было установлено в ходе селекционных экспериментов. Наше исследование может быть полезным для сохранения гималайских эндемичных видов растений, а также может быть полезным для понимания эволюции системы размножения в роде.

Keywords: еndemic, self-pollination, unique dichogamy, cross-pollination, эндемичность, самоопыление, уникальная дихогамия, перекрестное опыление

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